Everything You Need to Make Beer, Wine, Cider, and Mead

During the initial quarantine rush last year, as everyone scrambled to supermarkets to stock up on flour and yeast for homemade loaves, my older brother and I had another thought: stock up on malted barley.

For the past eight years, we’ve met up nearly every Saturday in his shaded driveway to hang out with our dogs, barbecue lunch, and boil up a fresh batch of beer. We’ve steadily progressed from newbies to relatively experienced brewers, and lately we’ve been exploring fresh local ingredients (most recently, Oregon-malted barley). But we’d be lying if we said we did it for the steady supply of suds.

Like barbecuing or gardening, making your own booze at home is more than just a way of getting cheap booze. It also directly connects you with humanity’s culinary and scientific histories. Did you know, for example, that we may have gone from hunter-gatherers to farmers because of our love of beer? What about the fact that Louis Pasteur discovered pasteurization while studying spoiled wine—and that he hated German beer?

One of the things I love is how easy it is to progress with this hobby. You can probably make something drinkable on your first try, but you can make something downright professional if you put a little work in. It mostly requires the ability to read instructions. When you’re done, your products can help you relax after a long day of doomscrolling.

Want to give it a shot? It doesn’t take a lot of cash. Here’s what you need to know to make beer, wine, cider, and mead.

Updated July 2021: We’ve updated links and pricing, and we’ve added some tips on buying malt and hops in bulk.

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Key Concepts

Making alcohol is easy. Take a sugary liquid, add sugar-eating yeast, and wait.

As the yeast eats the sugar, it produces alcohol and carbon dioxide. Wait long enough (a few weeks) and you’ll have yourself a fully fermented beverage that’s (probably) safe to drink. The following are a few general tips to keep in mind when fermenting your own booze, for quality’s sake:

Sanitation

Sanitation is the most important part of any fermentation process. You want to make sure everything that touches your liquid pre- and post-ferment has been fully sterilized with a no-rinse sanitizer (see the section on Star San below). This keeps poor-tasting yeasts and other contaminants out and ensures shelf stability.

The Best Gear to Make Beer Wine Cider and Mead at Home — Photograph: Parker Hall

Yeast Health

There’s a saying in the brewing community that brewers are really just glorified janitors: Yeast is what actually makes the beer. This couldn’t be more true. Keeping your little biological buddies happy is of the utmost importance for booze that tastes good. Be sure to pitch a healthy amount of yeast cells, and keep your fermentation within the recommended temperature range for the specific yeast you’re using.

Patience, Grasshopper

“Relax, don’t worry, have a homebrew,” is the most popular saying in the home fermentation world for a reason. Making good booze can take time, and it’s important not to rush things, even though you’re excited!

Tools You’ll Need for Everything

There’s a good chance you have a homebrew supply store in your area. I recommend buying as much of this gear locally as you can, as the experts at the shop are invaluable resources. If you’re a bit more remote, we’ve included links to buy this gear online. If you’re looking to buy malt, hops, or other ingredients in bulk, buying local is an awesome way to save on shipping. Pro tip: Hops are harvested in August and September in the US, so you’ll often see good discounts on last year’s harvest around that time. Fresh hops hit the market in December.

Thermometer for $11: You’ll want a high-quality and accurate thermometer to check the temperatures of various liquids. I like this long one because you don’t steam your hand over a hot brew kettle.
Hydrometer for $33: A hydrometer is a cute little floating thermometer that measures the density of a liquid instead of its temperature. By measuring the density both pre- and post-fermentation, you can get a pretty accurate idea of alcohol content. As alcohol becomes present in the solution—a byproduct of the yeast eating sugars—the liquid becomes less dense.
Kitchen Scale for $20: A simple kitchen scale like this Etekcity model will help you measure out everything from hops to honey.
Siphon for $14: You’ll need a way to get your precious beverage out of the bucket once you ferment it. An auto-siphon allows you to do this without sucking on the hose, which would require you to sterilize everything again.
Fermentation Vessels for $28: Fermentation vessels range from glass carboys to fancy stainless-steel tanks and beyond, but the best place to start is with a simple food-grade plastic bucket and a lid like this one from Home Brew Ohio. It’s affordable, and you don’t have to worry about breaking glass if you drop it. Pro tip: Use only the soft side of the sponge when cleaning these. The rough side can create abrasions in the bucket that wild yeast and bacteria can cling to during cleaning and sanitation.
Airlock for $7: An airlock is a simple device that goes in the top of your fermenter and allows it to off-gas carbon dioxide—the other main byproduct of fermentation besides alcohol—while keeping the inside of the bucket sealed from the wild yeast and bacteria. This pack gets you five for cheap.