Criminals end up with ‘smaller brains’

People who steal, bully and lie throughout their lives may have smaller brains, researchers say.

MRI scans suggested 45-year-olds who had shown antisocial behaviour from childhood had reduced surface area and a thinner cortex in parts of the brain previously linked to such behaviour.

But it is unclear if this was inherited or due to factors such as substance abuse, low IQ or poor mental health.

The researchers scanned nearly 700 volunteers they had studied from birth.

The 70 were divided into three groups, those who:

were not persistently antisocial
only behaved this way when they were adolescents
continued to act this way throughout their lives

They found the 80 people in the last group, which included people who had committed violent crimes, had significant structural differences in their brains.

The authors said their findings – published in Lancet Psychiatry – provided the first robust evidence to suggest people who offended throughout their lives had underlying neuropsychological differences.

Adolescents showing antisocial behaviour that began in childhood, who were at an increased risk of incarceration and poor physical and mental health later in life, may be dealing with “some level of disability”.

And they could benefit from more support throughout their lives.

‘Alcohol use’

Lead author Dr Christina Carlisi, from University College London, said: “There may be differences in their brain structure that make it difficult for them to develop social skills that prevent them from engaging in antisocial behaviour.”

And co-author Prof Essi Viding said it was important this group was not “demonised” but seen as people who “need help and compassion” to stop their behaviour becoming entrenched.

Dr Graeme Fairchild, from the University of Bath, said the research was an “important contribution”.

But it was not possible to tell whether the differences in brain structure had been present in early life and led to lifelong patterns of antisocial behaviour or reflected “lifestyle differences like drug or alcohol use, smoking and poor diet”.

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